Oh Yes!! It’s You!!

You are the beautiful girl I have ever seen

Wanna go to the beautiful place I have ever been.
Yeah! With you!!

 With you!!

Ohh!! Those eyes deep like ocean I could ever see

I clearly know you are made for me.

Only for me!!

For me!!

There is something in the way that you smile

For you, there are the hearts that can make a pile.

Yes, for you!!

For you!!

The way your lips decorate in that red lipstick

You make me vulnerable and make yourself so fantastic.

Oh yeah that red lipstick!!

That red lipstick!!

Baby, I want you always be that beautiful and bold

And I know that you never gonna grow old.
Never grow old!!
Grow old!!

If I die, I wanna die by your side

And if I live, it will always be your beside.

Yeah!! Me beside you!!
Beside you!!

Maybe I’m not your type, so dull and crappy

One thing I wish, you be always safe and happy.

Yes, I wish for you!!
For you!!

You are that moon, on the full moon’s day

“I love you” are the words that I’ve always wanted to say

Oh yes!!To you!!

To you!!

By-Niraj Pudasaini

Fly-by-Wire (FBW) Flight Control System

The earliest aircraft were controlled by the pilot using the steel cables, pulleys and hydraulic actuators. The use of these pulleys, cranks, tension cables and hydraulic pipes adds much weight to the aircraft and it requires careful routing and maintenance work. To eliminate and reduce this problem, a new system called Fly-by-Wire (FBW) flight control system came into existence in late 1970’s using the analog implementation while digital FBW systems have been in service since the late 1980’s. The introduction of fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control system has been a watershed development in aircraft evolution as it has enabled technical advances to be made which weren’t possible before.

As the name implies, FBW system is flying the aircraft by wires because all commands and signals are transmitted electrically along wires. Fly-by-Wire technology is simply replacing mechanical equipment with the electronic wires connected to the hydraulic actuators to move the aircraft control surfaces for the preferred movement of the aircraft. Here, the response from the pilot control is converted into electrical signals which travel to the main flight computer, from there to the actuator control electronics and to the control surfaces from actuator, all through the series of cables and wires. Fly-by-Wire control system also allows aircraft computers to perform task without pilot input. Gyroscope and air data sensors mounted in an aircraft sense the various movement changes like the pitch, roll and yaw. Any change in these movements sends signals to the computer which automatically moves the control surfaces to stabilize the aircraft. The system runs onboard electrical power source generated by the turbines of the aircraft engine.

Fly-by-Wire (FBW) system is the safer, more reliable and more responsive way of aircraft control. Introduction of this system in the aircraft helps to reduce the aircraft weight and maintenance work due to the elimination of heavy cables and pulleys. FBW system insures quick, smooth and fast response to the pilot’s commands. FBW system is safer than the conventional system as any change in motion of the aircraft is immediately sensed by the motion sensors and causes the computers to move the appropriate control surfaces so as to apply forces and moments to the aircraft to correct the deviation from the commanded flight path. FBW system enables a smaller tailplane, fin and rudder to be used, thereby reducing both aircraft weight and drag, active control of the tailplane and rudder making up for the reduction in natural stability. As FBW system can control the aircraft without the pilot input, it greatly eases the autopilot integration task and helps in aircraft maneuvering.

FBW system is run by the electrical power, so the major con of FBW system is the loss of electrical power. That’s why there are redundant systems in new design to try and eliminate that kind of failure. FBW system is a computerized system consisting lots of wires and cables, so a slight malfunction in these wires or cables may cause the system failure. Also this system is a more complex and expensive than the earlier conventional system.

Fly-by-Wire (FBW) system is extremely safe and reliable technology in controlling the flight control surfaces of the aircraft. Almost every modern aircrafts and airliners have adapted this technology including the big names like Airbus and Boeing. This technology accounts as one of the greatest breakthrough in the aviation field and is in the phase of continue developing. Let us hope to see more discoveries in the field of Fly-by-Wire (FBW) system so that people can fly more safely, conveniently and economically in the future than today.

Article on aircraft flaps.

All about Flaps

Flap is a primary flight control device that is used to increase the lift of an aircraft wing at given air speed. Flaps are installed at the trailing edge of an aircraft wings between the fuselage and ailerons. The purpose of the flap is to generate more lift at slower airspeed and more drag to slow down the airplane. Flaps usually do two things: one they increase the lift and two they increase the drag. These two features are necessary for an aircraft especially during the landing and take-off phases.

So, how flap increases the lift? The general lift equation for an aircraft is given by: L=(1/2)ρV^2 SC_L, where L, ρ,V,S and C_L stands for the lift, air density, velocity, area and coefficient of lift respectively. From the equation, the value of lift (L) increases with the increase in the value C_L. The extension of flap increases the camber of the wing and the increase in camber increases the value of C_L. This allows the aircraft to generate the required increased lift at lower speed and reducing the stalling speed. During take-off only a small amount of flap is typically deployed, usually not more than〖 5〗^°. The purpose of take-off flaps is typically to shorten the take-off roll without increasing drag.

Fig angle of attack vs coefficient of lift

How flap increases the drag? The general drag equation for an aircraft is given by: D=(1/2)ρV^2 SC_D, where D, ρ,V,S and C_D stands for the lift, air density, velocity, area and coefficient of drag respectively. The equation tells that the drag (D) is directly related to the surface area(S). Also the increased lift means increased lift-induce drag. Flaps may be fully extended for landing to give the aircraft a lower stall speed so the approach to landing can be flown more slowly, which also allows the aircraft to land in a shorter distance. For landing, full or close to full flaps is typically used (between〖 30〗^°and〖 40〗^°). This reduces the landing roll and reduces wear on wheel brakes.

Depending on the size, speed and complexity of the aircraft on which they are to be used there are different types of flap. Out of many types of flap plain flap, split flap, slotted flap and fowler flap are most used and common four types of flap and are used in many jetliners. In plain flap, the rear portion of airfoil rotates downwards on a simple hinge mounted at the front of the flap. In split flap,the rear portion of the lower surface of the airfoil hinges downwards from the leading edge of the flap, while the upper surface stays immobile. In a slotted fan there is a space for air stream while in case of fowler flap, the flap slides rearward before lowering.

                                           

Beside increasing lift and drag and helping in case of landing and take-off, flaps are also used in case of maneuvering, lowering the stall speed, decreasing the climb rates and increasing the approach angle. Therefore, flap is one of the important flight controlling devices in an aircraft and the invention of this device has been a great boost in the field of aeronautics.

You can also view it on http://aviationnepal.com/blogs/all-about-flaps/

http://aviationnepal.com/blogs/all-about-flaps/